Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is caused by destruction of insulin-producing ß cells in the pancreas by the body?s immune system. It affects hundreds of thousands of individuals worldwide, requiring regular insulin injections to control blood glucose levels and avoid severe consequences of glucose dysregulation. Written by experts in the field, this book provides a detailed examination of our understanding of the disease process and its causes, as well as genetic risk factors, animal models of diabetes, and new treatment strategies that are being developed.

Preface The Pathogenesis and Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes Mark A. Atkinson Breakdown in Peripheral Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes in Mice and Humans Lukas T. Jeker, Hélène Bour-Jordan, and Jeffrey A. Bluestone Generating ß Cells from Stem Cells?The Story So Far Matthias Hebrok Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Pancreatic ß-Cell Degeneration, and Diabetes Feroz R. Papa Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Janelle A. Noble and Henry A. Erlich Humoral Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes: Prediction, Significance, and Detection of Distinct Disease Subtypes Massimo Pietropaolo, Roberto Towns, and George S. Eisenbarth Immunologic and Metabolic Biomarkers of ß-Cell Destruction in the Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Jasmin Lebastchi and Kevan C. Herold Islet Autoantigens: Structure, Function, Localization, and Regulation Peter Arvan, Massimo Pietropaolo, David Ostrov, and Christopher J. Rhodes Do MHCII-Presented Neoantigens Drive Type 1 Diabetes and Other Autoimmune Diseases? Philippa Marrack and John W. Kappler Antigen Targets of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity Bart O. Roep and Mark Peakman The Hygiene Hypothesis: An Explanation for the Increased Frequency of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Jean-François Bach and Lucienne Chatenoud Environmental Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes Mikael Knip and Olli Simell Virus Infections in Type 1 Diabetes Ken T. Coppieters, Tobias Boettler, and Matthias von Herrath Connecting Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes through Innate Immunity Justin I. Odegaard and Ajay Chawla Advancing Animal Models of Human Type 1 Diabetes by Engraftment of Functional Human Tissues in Immunodeficient Mice Michael A. Brehm, Alvin C. Powers, Leonard D. Shultz, and Dale L. Greiner Antigen-Specific Therapeutic Approaches in Type 1 Diabetes Xavier Clemente-Casares, Sue Tsai, Carol Huang, and Pere Santamaria Clinical Immunologic Interventions for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Lucienne Chatenoud, Katharina Warncke, and Anette-G. Ziegler Update on Islet Transplantation Michael McCall and A.M. James Shapiro Index