The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) from the World Health Organization is a major shift in health care. It looks at health, not from the traditional medical model of disease, disorder, or injury, but from a universal, integrative, and interactive model, which includes the social and environmental aspects of disability and health. This Handbook shows recreational therapists how to use the new model. Recreational therapists will find that the model matches very well with their practice. Each of the 30+ diagnoses in Section 2 of the Handbook has a detailed diagnostic description, along with a review of the typical scope of the team assessment, anticipated RT assessment findings, both the whole team and recreational therapy approach, and common recreational therapy interventions specific to the diagnosis. Each of the 70+ techniques, concepts, and pieces of equipment listed in the diagnosis or the ICF description is reviewed separately in Section 4 to provide valuable how-to information. Reviewers? comments: The ICF of the WHO is a conceptualization of health, disability, and function that complements and validates both the philosophy and practice of recreation therapy as an important and valued member of the health care and health promotion community. This Handbook is a critical step for the RT profession and individual professionals to be able to identify and relate our practice to this globally accepted model for aiding efforts for optimal health and functioning. David Howard, Ph.D., MSW, CTRS Chair of ATRA Public Health ? WHO team Assistant Professor, Recreation and Sport Management Indiana State University The Recreational Therapy Handbook of Practice is quite comprehensive! Generally, I found it very easy to read and filled with practical advice that RTs will undoubtedly find useful and applicable in practice. I was impressed with the volume of information contained in the Handbook and I was also impressed with the relative ease in finding and understanding the information. Lynn F. Bufka, PhD Assistant Executive Director, Practice Research and Policy American Psychological Association The depth of information is very good and will provide the profession with a good explanation of the relevance of the ICF to RT practice. Bryan P. McCormick, Ph.D., CTRS Associate Professor of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Studies Indiana University When I was in school I never saw a book that covered so much information. It really shows where all the "gray" areas are between OT/PT and SLP. It shows that TR is more than just recreation. This book would assist a TR that is at any level of practice from beginner to advanced. Jessica Rickard, CTRS SCI Unit Team Leader, Magee Rehab This is a Handbook for RT clinical application designed to implement the ICF now. It will standardize communication, research, and therapy in the RT field and allow clearer communication with other disciplines. I salute Heather Porter and joan burlingame for this excellent manual. It is a model for other professional groups to follow in their own fields, within the U.S. and internationally. Paul J. Placek, Ph.D. ICF Consultant Formerly, Senior Statistician, Office of the Center Director National Center for Health Statistics This book is a necessary resource for Therapeutic Recreation Specialists. The information in this text is the key for us to start learning the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), with implementation going into our systems within the next couple of years. The information provided is very helpful for treatment plans, techniques, and diagnostic information as well. As an instructor at an accredited University, I feel this textbook will be extremely helpful in teaching the students the information that will be expected for TRS? to know. I am hopeful that the ICF will finally be the way in which Therapeutic Recreation can give functional, hard data information, for reporting and reimbursement information, right along side with the other disciplines on the same page. Therapeutic Recreation has been waiting for a textbook like this. The book pulls all our information together. John Cogley, PhD, CTRS Director of the Therapeutic Recreation Program Eastern Washington University

The ICF of the WHO is a conceptualization of health, disability, and function that complements and validates both the philosophy and practice of recreation therapy as an important and valued member of the health care and health promotion community. This H

Foreword by Paul Placek.....ix Section 1: Introduction.....1 Introduction to the Book .....2 Introduction to the ICF.....3 ICF Coding.....7 Section 2: Diagnoses .....9 Amputation and Prosthesis.....10 Apraxia.....17 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder .....21 Back Disorders and Back Pain .....25 Burns .....29 Cancer .....33 Cardiac Conditions.....38 Cerebrovascular Accident .....45 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease .....49 Dementia .....53 Diabetes Mellitus .....57 Eating Disorders.....63 Fibromyalgia .....68 Generalized Anxiety Disorder.....72 Guillain-Barré Syndrome .....76 Joint Replacement .....79 Major Depressive Disorder .....84 Mental Retardation/Developmental Disability.....88 Multiple Sclerosis.....96 Obesity .....100 Osteoarthritis.....105 Osteoporosis.....109 Parkinson?s Disease .....113 Rheumatoid Arthritis.....116 Schizophrenia.....120 Sickle Cell Anemia .....125 Spinal Cord Injury.....129 Substance-Related Disorders.....134 Suicide and Suicidal Ideation.....139 Traumatic Brain Injury.....142 Section 3: Treatment and the ICF Model.....147 Body Functions.....149 Chapter 1 Mental Functions .....150 Chapter 2 Sensory Functions and Pain.....188 Chapter 3 Voice and Speech Functions.....201 Chapter 4 Functions of the Cardiovascular, Hematological, Immunological, and Respiratory Systems.....206 Chapter 5 Functions of the Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine Systems.....214 Chapter 6 Genitourinary and Reproductive Functions .....221 Chapter 7 Neuromusculoskeletal and Movement-Related Functions.....228 Chapter 8 Functions of the Skin and Related Structures .....241 Body Structures.....245 Chapter 1 Structures of the Nervous System.....246 Chapter 2 The Eye, Ear, and Related Structures .....247 Chapter 3 Structures Involved in Voice and Speech .....248 Chapter 4 Structures of the Cardiovascular, Immunological, and Respiratory Systems .....249 Chapter 5 Structures Related to the Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine Systems .....250 Chapter 6 Structures Related to the Genitourinary and Reproductive Systems .....251 Chapter 7 Structures Related to Movement.....252 Chapter 8 Skin and Related Structures.....254 Activities and Participation.....255 Chapter 1 Learning and Applying Knowledge.....261 Chapter 2 General Tasks and Demands .....267 Chapter 3 Communication .....283 Chapter 4 Mobility .....288 Chapter 5 Self-Care.....301 Chapter 6 Domestic Life .....309 Chapter 7 Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships .....317 Chapter 8 Major Life Areas .....325 Chapter 9 Community, Social, and Civic Life .....329 Environmental Factors .....337 Chapter 1 Products and Technology .....340 Chapter 2 Natural Environmental and Human Made Changes to Environment.....355 Chapter 3 Support and Relationships .....365 Chapter 4 Attitudes .....368 Chapter 5 Services, Systems, and Policies .....371 Section 4: Recreational Therapy Treatment Issues.....381 Equipment.....382 Bathing Aids .....383 Canes.....386 Card Playing Equipment .....389 Computers .....391 Crutches .....394 Dressing Aids.....395 Dycem.....397 Eating and Drinking Equipment.....398 Equipment Resources.....400 Foam Tubing.....402 Gardening Equipment .....403 Grip Aids (Palmar Clip, Utensil Holder, and Universal Cuff) .....405 Needlecrafts .....407 Prosthesis .....409 Prosthetic Socks .....411 Reachers.....413 Sewing (machine and hand) .....415 Switches .....418 Therapy Putty.....420 Toileting .....421 Transfer Aids.....423 Velcro.....425 Walkers .....427 Wheelchairs, Scooters, and Wheelchair Accessories .....430 Concepts.....438 Basic Awareness of Self as Part of Socialization.....439 Consequences of Inactivity .....441 Gait.....445 Maslow?s Hierarchy of Needs.....449 Metabolic Equivalents.....452 Nervous System .....454 Participation .....457 Precautions .....459 Psychoneuroimmunology.....461 Social Skills Development .....464 Techniques .....469 Acclimatizing Clients to a Communal Living Arrangement.....470 Activity and Task Analysis .....472 Activity Pattern Development.....476 Adjustment to Disability .....479 Americans with Disabilities Act Education .....487 Anger Management.....492 Balance.....495 Behavior Manipulation.....497 Body Mechanics and Ergonomics.....508 Boundaries .....512 Community Accessibility Training .....515 Community Leisure Resource Awareness .....523 Community Problem Solving.....525 Coping with Stress .....535 Education and Counseling.....538 Emergency Response .....548 Energy Conservation Training .....550 Exercise Basics .....554 Fine Hand Use Ergonomics.....557 Integration .....559 Interpersonal Relationship Activities .....588 Lifestyle Alteration Education .....601 Motor Learning and Training Strategies .....604 Neuroplasticity .....605 Oxygen.....611 Personal Leisure Resource Awareness.....616 Pie of Life.....618 Proverbs .....620 Relaxation and Stress Reduction.....622 Self-Esteem .....626 Sensory Stimulation .....628 Skin Breakdown.....635 Social Skills Training.....638 Transitioning a Client from Inpatient Rehabilitation to a Communal Environment .....650 Transfers.....653 Vital Signs.....657 Walking Techniques.....662 Wheelchair Mobility .....668 Assessment Descriptions.....685 Bus Utilization Skills Assessment.....686 Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreational Therapy ? Psych/Behavioral, Revised .....687 Coordination Tests .....688 Cooperation and Trust Scale .....690 Fifty-Foot Walk Test.....691 FOX.....693 Free Time Boredom .....694 Glasgow Coma Scale .....695 Home and Community Social Behavior Scales.....696 Idyll Arbor Leisure Battery .....697 Leisurescope Plus.....700 Leisure Assessment Inventory .....701 Leisure and Social/Sexual Assessment .....702 Life Satisfaction Scale.....705 Quality of Life Index.....706 Quality of Life Index (complete assessment).....707 Recreation Participation Data Sheet.....714 School Social Behavior Scales.....715 The Social Attributes Checklist ? Assessing Young Children?s Social Competence .....716 Vitality Through Leisure.....717 Appendix A: The ICF Model.....721 Appendix B: Common Therapy Abbreviations.....740 Appendix C: Anatomical Orientation/Positioning .....741 Glossary.....742 Index.....753